Showing posts with label The attempted murder of Adam Ference. Show all posts
Showing posts with label The attempted murder of Adam Ference. Show all posts

January 13, 2025

A sunrise broken by gunfire on a school bus. An investigation as to the root cause of the gunfire suffocated. Wuerl let it be suffocated.

by guest writer Mike Ference, detailing the experience of having
a son get shot in the back of the head and then to be treated as
an impediment to Wuerl's rise to power.  Edited as to its syntax.
Diplomatically abridged as to its contents.
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The sodomizing of youth by Catholic clergy members and then covered
up by church hierarchs was something seldom discussed.  It was seldom
discussed until the media broke open the seals of secrecy that were once
glazed over Cardinal Bernard Law's disgraced Boston Archdiocese.

It was twenty-three years ago when I was forced to begin investigating
similar things in the county where sits Pittsburgh Pennsylvania.  This
was because a fifteen year old youth allegedly preoccupied with the
Occult,  Satanism, and devil-worship attempted to murder my son,
Adam, on a school bus.  The same youth then killed himself.

My investigation began in December of 1989.  This means that I was
forced to start my work thirteen calendar years before veteran journal-
ists of the Boston Globe exposed Catholic Church red hatter Bernie
Law for having habitually covered the criminal actions of priests.  Ten
years after having begun my investigations, the Philadelphia district at-
torney’s office put to bed the prosecution of every Philadelphia area
cleric accused of the same old crimes and the same old cover ups.
Being a molester in Pennsylvania was a lucrative pastime, at the time.

The attack on my son took place on the morning of December 5, 1989,
around 8:00 am.  A bus carrying Serra Catholic High School students
began its approach toward the school's entrance doors.  A bus loaded
with dozens of teenagers was beginning to cross onto Serra Catholic
school grounds when the would-be assassin pulled out a loaded hand-
gun and blasted a shot into the back of my son’s head.  He next placed
the gun to his temple and fired the second shot.

Two ambulances transferred my son and the shooter to the McKeesport
Hospital.  Both young men were admitted to the same emergency room,
separated by the curtains surrounding their beds.  A telephone call from
Brother Chuck, the guidance counselor of Serra Catholic, served notice
to our family to get to the McKeesport Hospital Emergency Room as
soon as possible.

Ironically, my wife, my eldest son, and I arrived at the hospital before
the ambulances did.  While a paramedic was pushing a gurney through
a hallway, I shouted to the man, “If that’s Adam Ference, tell him his 
parents are here.”  The body was completely covered.  Deep-down in-
side, and without saying a word, I hoped and I prayed it wasn’t Adam.
Seconds later came another gurney, being pushed through the hallway.
It was Adam, sitting up.  He was conscious, but I wasn’t sure how
alert he was.

A nurse came to escort me back to where my son was.  I still didn’t
know what happened.  A disheveled detective from the McKeesport
Police Department approached my wife and I.  He recklessly pulled a
gun from a brown paper bag and asked if we had ever seen the wea-
pon before.  Confused and bewildered, we shook our heads sideways,
quietly saying no.  A teacher would then pull the detective to the side
and tell him that we weren’t the parents he needed to talk to.

I watched an ER room's bed sheets get saturated with blood as the
shooter lay dead, no doubt from the 32-caliber self-inflicted gunshot
wound.  It was a shot taken seconds after the shooter blasted my
son’s skull with his first shot, done while my son sat directly in front
of him, half asleep.

Minutes later, a nurse called me into the emergency room, to see my
son.  I tried to reassure him that everything would be alright, as he
seemed to daze in and out of consciousness.  I caught myself glanc-
ing back and forth from the wound in the back of my son’s head to
the blood-stained sheets of the shooter in the bed next to my son.
It were as if I was watching a tennis match or a ping pong game.

I prayed and promised God that I would do whatever I could to make
things right, not knowing what that meant, and still not knowing what
exactly happened.  Now, I knew that Adam could never intentionally
harm anyone with a gun.  But, I figured that he might have accidental-
ly tripped someone, resulting in multiple gun shots being unleashed from
a loaded weapon.  So, I kept promising God that I would do whatever
it took to make things right.  Sadly, I heard a father crying; weeping
over his son’s dead body.  All but for the grace of God, the father in
anguish could have been me.

Twenty-three years later, I’m still trying to keep the promise I made
in the McKeesport ER.  Needless to say, Donald Wuerl has been a
ruthless antagonist, preventing the truth from being uncovered. This
Wuerl keeps us in the dark, in so many diabolical ways.

Several weeks after the shooting, my son was well on his way to re-
covery.  Several weeks after the shooting, a seasoned law enforce-
ment officer who actively participated in the investigation, ended up
sitting in my living room, alleging to my wife and I that the investiga-
tion of my son's attempted murder was deliberately quashed by the
McKeesport Police Chief (Thomas Brletic) and his investigating of-
ficers.  The man who alleged this to me was and is William Scully.

At the time, Scully was the Public Safety Officer of Clairton.  At the
time, Clairton no longer had a police force, due to the economic woes
which followed the demolition of the Pittsburgh steel industry.  Prior
to being Clairton's public safety director, Scully was assistant chief
of police for the same town of Clairton and served several years as
a police officer there.

To compensate for the case being allegedly quashed, Scully provid-
ed me with specific notes and details about the shooter.  He alleged
that the shooter was sexually abused by Fr. John Wellinger, a parish
priest at Holy Spirit Church in West Mifflin, PA.  Prior to Wellinger’s
assignment at Holy Spirit, he was an assistant pastor of Saint Clare
of Assisi Church, in Clairton.  The shooter served as an altar boy for
Fr. Wellinger at St. Clare's.

According to several sources, the shooter was often an after-school
guest of Wellinger, at the parish rectory house, along with other boys.
It was a parish house equipped with a pool table, pinball machines
and other facilities which keeps young boys amused for hours.

Scully also provided specific information about Wellinger allegedly
harming a teenager from Holy Spirit Church in West Mifflin.  This
harming allegedly occurred circa 1987 or 1988.  I even received an
email from the alleged victim in 2011 that suffices as evidence that
easily confirms my allegations on the topic.

As time progressed, I would eventually speak with several sources.
The sources included a retired police chief of West Mifflin, as well
as a police officer of the same West Mifflin whose son was alleged-
ly molested by the same John Wellinger.  My sources also included
several ladies who worked along side Wellinger at Holy Spirit Parish.

There was even the matter of a woman who may have known John
Wellinger intimately.  Added to the list is the former Pittsburgh Post
Gazette investigative reporter who alleged that Wellinger once made
a homosexual pass at him.  An additional source included a Florida
man who once visited Wellinger at Holy Spirit Parish, and alleged
that Wellinger wanted to perform an unnatural act on his person.
Plus, there was the teenager to whom Wellinger allegedly supplied
a spiked alcoholic beverage which knocked the youth out for hours.

Concerning the youth, he eventually returned to consciousness and
dialed 911.  He then allegedly staggered down apartments stairs, to
meet an awaiting ambulance which allegedly took the youth to then
Presbyterian University Hospital (now part of the University of Pitts-
burgh Medical Center).

According to the allegations, he and his family were victimized yet
again, in the alleged cover-up that followed.  It’s sad that it has taken
over 23 years for me to release my information with just a scant hope
of justice finally being served.  Tragically speaking, as I have tried to
draw attention to the various crimes and cover ups, I can only imagine
how many more victimscould have been saved from being victimized,
if only Wuerl and government officials would have applied an element
of human decency and did what needed to have been done.

Michael Unglo is one person who immediately comes to mind.  Mike
committed suicide shortly after the Diocese of Pittsburgh, under Bish-
op David Zubik, stopped financing his psychiatric treatment.  Now, the
Pittsburgh diocese had already payed $300,000 in psychiatric bills for
Michael.  But, Mike suffered from flashbacks, due to the alleged mo-
lestations of the defrocked Richard Dorsch who receives a thousand
dollar a month stipend (pension) from the diocese.

Meanwhile, homosexual con artist Fr James Torquato immediately
canceled all business contracts with his accuser's uncle, and Wuerl
ratified Fr. Torquato's act of economic terrorism, as if Wuerl were
performing the terrorism himself.  Basically, James Torquato black-
mailed his accuser's uncle.  The uncle was to get Torquato's accus-
er to retract his accusations against Torquato or else lose significant
income.

I would like to point out something about my son's attempted murder.
The shooter was not sitting is his regular seat that day, nor did he get
on at his regular stop.  My son did sit in his regular seat, close to the
window.  The shooter was allegedly in the aisle seat behind him.  This
means that he was originally catty-corner to Adam.  Well, he alleged-
ly switched seated and was now exactly behind Adam.

The exact conjecture as to what was transpiring during the attempted
murder of my son was thwarted by parents not allowing their children
to be interviewed by law enforcement investigators.  Depositions exist
which can be supplied as proof of a community-wide cover up.

Concerning Adam's case, I had sought help from many people in gov-
ernment.  I was referred to an Allegheny County detective by form-
er a PA State Trooper, named Robert Griffin.  Griffin was brought
into the case in 1989 and  investigated the Satanic and Occult inter-
ests of my son's shooter and the shooter's friends.  The detective to
whom I was referred simply stated that the Diocese of Pittsburgh

was covering up crimes for years.  The offending priests would be
shuffled from one parish to another, the detective alleged.  He made
it sound as if there was nothing he could do about it.

There is a long list of state troopers who did absolutely nothing.  Like-
wise, the same nothing came from former Pennsylvania Senator and
Catholic Church lobbyist, Rick Santorum.  Senator Arlen Spector al-
so chose to ignore my case, as did Congressman Mike Doyle.  Plus,
Carol Burke, Chief of Staff for State Rep David Levdansky, simply
advised me to get over it.

An FBI agent did exist who was well-aware of Wellinger’s alleged
sexual shenanigans, but the agent was preoccupied with the investi-
gation into a drug raid gone bad which resulted in a fellow agent be-
ing killed.  So, the Pittsburgh diocese has been getting a free pass,
ever since the tenure of Anthony Bevilacqua.  Include Wuerl's ten-
ure also, especially in light of the fact that Wuelr paid no price for
his alleged absence of cooperativeness during an investigation that
resulted in the arrests of Wolk, Zula, and Pucci.  Wuerl also paid
no price thus far, for ratifying the Torquato retaliations.

Allegheny County's Courthouse is located on Grant Street, in down-
town Pittsburgh.  Supposedly, justice is served there.  Sadly enough,
some of the PA judges were bought and sold like stolen merchandise
at outdoor flea markets.  I cite the infamous Luzerne County “Cash
for Kids” scandal that sent two greed-infested Pennsylvania judges to
federal prisons, after years of locking up children in private juvenile de-
tention centers for things as petty as summary offenses.

The detention centers are owned by Gregory Zappala, son of former
Pennsylvania Supreme Court Chief Justice Stephen Zappala, Sr and
brother of Allegheny County District Attorney Stephen Zappala, Jr.
Sadly enough, one of the victims of this barbaric practice would end
up committing suicide after two incarcerations.  His death would take
place on the 10th of June, 2010, the same day when Allegheny County
District Attorney Stephen Zappala was sworn in as a member of the
board that oversees clergy sex abuse allegation, under the auspices
of the United States Bishop’s Conference.

It’s pertinent to point out that the attempted murder of my son took
place in McKeesport, PA.  It's a section of the Mon Valley jokingly
referred to as Mob Valley.  It's the last place one expects to find any
semblance of justice.  McKeesport is filled with case after case of
systematic and deliberate cover ups of criminal behavior, most often
alleging McKeesport police and democratic officials as being at the
center of the alleged cover ups.

Some allegations involved 1] a dead teenage girl whose body was
found in a McKeesport cemetery, 2] a woman held captive for al-
most a decade by a McKeesport School district security guard, and
3] the Cornell Elementary School scandal which allegedly involved
two McKeesport teachers doing their best to imitate dogs in heat,
while two other teachers allegedly did their best to act like watch-
dogs.  All actions were either well concealed or never happened.
None the less, the allegation that Fr. John Wellinger molested the
shooter of my son,  as well as had drugged-up the drink of another
youth, were things stated in Scully's notes.  Thus, these allegations
came from someone who had official status.

I’ve also met and talked with yet, another accuser of former Pitts-
burgh clergy member, John Wellinger.  This accuser was one of the
plaintiffs in a class action lawsuit against the Diocese of Pittsburgh.
His parents were parishioners of Holy Spirit Church in West Mifflin.

For now, I want to caution people from outside of Pennsylvania that,
if you're contemplating moving here, you would do better to just stay
put.  Jim Potts, founder of Democracy Rising and advocate for hon-
est government in Pennsylvania, opined on a Pittsburgh radio station
that “Pennsylvania may be the most corrupt state in America.”
I agree with Potts.  However, I would extend his opinion to include
most third world countries.

Consider the following before you plan a visit to Pennsylvania, or
worse yet, to move to this commonwealth:   1] the Cash for Kids
Scandal;  2] the Jerry Sandusky and Penn State scandal;  3] the
grand jury investigations into the rape and sodomizing of innocent
children in the Philadelphia Archdiocese;  4] the Tanya Kash case
involving a McKeesport School District security guard allegedly
holding a teenager captive for almost ten years;  5] Cardinal Don-
ald Wuerl's proven triple cover-up of Wolk, Zula, and Pucci, by
which he ignored the Child Protective Services Act and was ac-
cused of having been uncooperative during the criminal investiga-
tion of the three priests he tried to conceal ... followed by Wuerl
facing zero accountability for his evil commissions and equally
evil omissions.

All of these cases allege police and government officials being all
too willing to delay or hamper investigations involving children in
harm’s way.  In a Philadelphia archdiocesan case, a ten-year-old
boy was alleged to have been sodomized by his teacher in a park.
When the teacher had satisfied his barbaric cravings, the alleged-
ly victimized youth was forced to make his way home on his own,
bleeding from his rectum.

Pennsylvania is a pro-pedophile state, in my opinion.  My opinion,
of course, comes from personal experience and a lot of investigat-
ing, done free of charge.  So, you can either take my word for it or
risk your own children’s lives to prove me wrong.  In Pennsylvania,
even adults were the victims of power abuse.  Concerning this, you
can either take my word for it or else risk your own future to prove
me wrong.

Mike Ference

For Part 2, see: 
http://www.donaldwuerl.com/2012/02/priest-interrogated-shooting-victim.html

January 08, 2025

In the shadow of the Adam Ference shooting, Mike loses his job without any evidence of wrongdoing. Makes a case of it and wins.

by guest writer Mike Ference.  Edited as to its syntax, but not abridged
this time, in continuation of Mike's narration of Donald Wuerl's inconsid-
erate disregard of the pain suffered by the Ference family, on account of
the attempted murder of young Adam Ference on Pittsburgh diocesan
school property.
Editor's introductory note:

The logical surmise here is that Donald Wuerl either had something to
do with Mike being forced out of his management post or else Mike
was applied the pressure to resign, because his company feared future
retaliation by Wuerl, once Wuerl got drift of the fact that Mike intend-
ed to pursue the investigation into his son's attempted murder.  After
all, the company had local Catholic institutions who were customers.
If Wuerl decided to press a retaliation button, those Catholic institu-
tions would no longer be lucrative clients of Mike's former employer.

The time line coincidence of the pressure tactic to get rid of Mike was
Mike receiving a small out of court settlement for the attempted murder
of his son, Adam.  The other thing that occurred at this time was that
Mike let it be known that he was still concerned about getting to the
bottom of the attempted murder.  It's reasonable to propose that that
the attempted murder of Adam Ference and Mike's insistence on get-
ting to the bottom of it ultimately resulted in Mike losing his manage-
ment position, whether Wuerl's minions actively sought to have Mike
disappear or not.  This is because of fear of any pending act of retal-
iation on behalf of a Donald Wuerl who did apply a Corruption of
Blood order on the children of the parents of the now-defunct Risen
Lord Parish School.  The order was the result of the parents protest-
ing the closing of their school on news television.   Donald Wuerl's
narcissism was out-of-control in Pittsburgh.

In addition, Mike was a National Accounts Manager.  This explains
why he was so meticulous in finding information on his son's attempt-
ed.  He has a professional mindset.  His investigation was a matter of
a professional employing fine-tuned social skills upon person after per-
son, and not a matter of someone who "has to get over he's son's at-
tempted murder."  He didn't have the rank & file mindset.  He didn't
have the blue collar mindset.

If not for this investigation that the police willingly aborted, no one any-
where would have learned that one of Cardinal Bernard Law's accused
was at Serra Catholic the day Adam was shot.  Neither would anyone
have learned that there were extended efforts to have the epidemic of
animal sacrifice in the area of Clairton/McKeesport curbed in the midst
of an allegedly uncooperative McKeesport Police Department.  Nor
would anyone have uncovered a second suicide related to Father John
Wellinger.

There's more that was learned through this investigation, but the rules
of confidentiality can't reveal it at this time.  None the less, Mike spent
years on his own.  Mike isn't alone any longer.  He has allies now.  By
now, the Diocese of Pittsburgh should have reached to him.  Its admin-
istrators ignored him ... a guy whose son got a bullett in the back of his
head while on Pittsburgh diocesan school grounds.  Looks bad for pub-
lic relations purposes, alone.  There are questions that have never been
answered.  They were points of evidence uncovered which have yet to
receive a response.  Such a thing is known as cover-up, as with the case
of Sotak, Torquato, and others.  Now for Mike:
______________________________________________________

It was mid June 1992.  I had just returned from vacation and was back
at work.  It was Monday morning at the SYSCO Foodservice plant in
Harmony, PA.  The first thing on the agenda was the traditional hellos
and tell you about my vacation later talk.  It was followed by my new
boss, Todd Ladfriend, handing me $350 to $375 in cash.  It was con-
test winnings.

Next on the agenda was a reminder by Landfried that I was to have my
employee-review shortly.  It would be the first formal review I ever had
while at this company, despite the fact that I had been working there for
seven years.  In the past, my reviews simply involved a handshake, a bon-
us check, and a thank-you for all the things that I had done for the com-
pany in question.  What was most gratifying about the past reviews was
the point in the conversation where the CEO would mention the special
tasks or projects that I would tackle and excel at doing.

I was the go-to-guy for projects that no other employee had any exper-
ience at doing.  In fact, I especially enjoyed those assignments.  There
were years, at least one or two of them, where a handshake and a few
good words sufficed as my review.  My performance was never brought
into question, even though some years were more profitable than other
ones.  Plus, a bonus for me and other employees wasn’t always on the
table.  This means that I had to earn my bonuses.

This review was different.  New management was in charge.  I was even
given two pages of questions to fill out before leaving for vacation.  The
review would come just a few months after attorney Ken Behrend  co-
erced my son and me into accepting the pittance of a settlement put on
the table after I called a halt to the lawsuit that I filed against the Pitts-
burgh diocese and Donald Wuerl.

Keep in mind that the year was 1992.  I was only barely aware of my
battle with the Pittsburgh diocese and others.  I was too trusting, think-
ing that living in America meant that I was free from being victimized by
corruption.  All toll, I worked for the Pittsburgh Branch of the SYSCO
Corporation for six years.  In fact, I had worked first for Deaktor Pro-
visions until we were bought out by SYSCO.  I started on my wife’s
birthday and ended my career on the same date.

Upon entering the review, I was quickly informed that complaints had
been lodged against me by my customers, while I was on vacation.  It
turned out that, according to my customers, none of them lodged any
complaint.  None the less, the complaints were so severe that they war-
ranted me stepping down from my position as the National Accounts
Manager where I was responsible for managing and maintaining good
relations with the companies' top customers.

My first question to the vice president of sales was “Are there any op-
tions  for me?"  No was the answer.  I asked for twenty-four hours, be-
fore giving my decision and I was granted it.  My hour-long drive home
seemed even longer this time.

I knew that the claims of customer complaints were lies.  This is because
I had established quite a reputation within the food service industry, and
quite frankly, I had been approached and offered jobs by two competit-
ors not long before this review.  The truth is that I had most of the major
local Catholic institutions as customers.  This included Seton Hill College,
La Rouche College, Duquesne University, Carlow College, and Mercy
Hospital.  There were other customers, such as Slippery Rock College.

I contacted my customers one by one, asking them if they had made the
customer complaint against me.  No one did.  At least this is what I was
told.  None the less, I asked each one to send a statement to me, saying
that they were satisfied with my service and conduct.  Samples of the
letters of recommendation are posted below, needless to say.

I openly answered questions about the attempted murder of my son, as
well as answering questions about the Occult preoccupation of my son's
attempted murderer.  I also discussed what I perceived to be an introduc-
tion to a bribe that was in the process of being offered to me by Archab-
bot Douglas Nowicki of St. Vincent College. In other words, I was still
a threat to Donald Wuerl, the bishop whose nexus with the homosexual
was being uncovered by Randy Engel and her confreres.  Therefore, the
company feared Wuerl's retaliation of cutting off all Catholic business ac-
counts.

The logic goes this way:  If I didn’t have a job, I wouldn’t be much of a
threat to Wuerl, in having to spend my time financially surviving.  I would
leave SYSCO with a few thousand dollars in the bank, all the while hav-
ing a mortgage, tuition for my daughter’s private schooling, and a host of
other bills, such as utilities.  I was forty years old and closer to being broke
than financially comfortable.  SYSCO would even fight my unemployment
compensation claim.

There was a strange coincidence at the Pittsburgh Branch of SYCSO
Corp.  In 1989, a few priests were prosecuted for savagely abusing a
couple of young boys in Washington County.   I have no way of know-
ing if this is true or not, but an employee of SYSCO Foodservice said
to me that his stepson was one of the victims of the pedophile priests.
In addition, in was at the SYSCO sales meeting room where Nowicki
spoke what was construed by me as the overture of bribe, to send my
son to St. Vincent's College where Nowicki ever so coincidentally was
to be the archabbot there.

I emphasize that I have no way of knowing if this is true or not, because,
as far as I understand, the case had been sealed.  What that stepfather
shared with me, if its true, would constitute a smoking gun in my case,
as far as goes motive in having me become unemployed.  This would be
another reason why Donald Wuerl would have benefited in me becom-
ing unemployed and detached from Sysco, whether he actively sougth to
have me dismissed or not.  What is for certain was that, in the Pittsburgh
area, there was an underlying fear of Wuerl in general, in terms of his abil-
ity to abuse power.  Wuerl was neither admired nor trusted.  The many
lawsuits filed against him, in the name of his Pittsburgh diocese, proves
this.

The VP of Human Resources lied through his teeth, during the unemploy-
ment compensation hearing where my appeal was denied.  This means
that he let money being stolen from me through lying.  Yet, there was a
silver lining for a flicker of a moment.  I would file an age discrimination
claim with the PA Human Relations Commission.  In not being able to
afford an attorney, I would do the research alone and fight the case my-
self.

On a cold and snow-covered morning I would head down to the State
building in Pittsburgh, across from the Post-Gazette building, to take on
SYSCO, the world’s leading foodservice distributor.  There was one of
me and four of them.  I felt overwhelmed.

A very nice professional woman was to handle the case.  I went in alone,
first.  I told her I was tired of fighting.  I was overwhelmed by the four
people outside, waiting to tear into me like vultures over an almost dead
road kill.  I asked her to just keep in mind that I would be okay, being
that I had started a small home-based business and with my wife, work-
ing at it full time.  We would make it.

I did want the administrative law judge to know, that SYSCO was the
type of company that took advantage of its employees, and that, if a
single mom or some other victim of SYSCO would come before her,
that she should remember my story.  I was ready to leave at that point,
when she insisted that I stay.

I had done my homework, she stated.  My research and the case was
well-documented.  I could easily expect some sort of settlement.  None
the less, I again reminded her that the four were still overwhelming.  She
then asked me to pick one person to come in and represent SYSCO.
I immediately knew who to pick.  I said I would like the vice president
of SYSCO’s human resource department to come in.  I then told her
that this fellow thinks harass is two words. We laughed and she called
him in.

I won a small settlement.  In fact, I called my wife as soon as I could do
so, because I wanted to let her know that there would be gifts under the
Christmas tree, at least one more time.  The circumstantial evidence and
the time line of coincidences show that losing my job at SYSCO was just
another example of what one can suspect to have possibly been the retali-
ation of Donald Wuerl and the Pittsburgh Diocese, if not the act of a co-
wardice of an employer who feared a future retaliation from a Catholic di-
ocese whose institutions were Sysco clients.  The circumstantial evidence
indicates one or the other, especially if you believe that there is no such
thing as coincidences.  There was no other explanation for my dismissal.





There was no reason for SYSCO to force me out.  Anyone who would like
to review a copy of my files and the research that I prepared for the PA Hu-
man Relations Commission hearing need only to call me at 412-233-5491
or to send an email to me at mike@ferencemarketing.com.

I would like to remind readers that at the time I left SYSCO I was 40 years
of age, a white college educated male.  I belonged to the group most likely
not to win an age discrimination claim.  But I did, and I did it with no legal
representation.